Researchers at the Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials of National Research Technological University MISiS (NUST MISiS) have come up with a new method to diagnose and treat coronavirus patients that will help prevent secondary tissue inflammation, which is extremely dangerous for COVID-19 patients.
The study results were published in the Frontiers in Immunology journal.
The scientists have suggested using MAIT cell activity inhibitors for secondary infections in COVID-19 patients.
According to the authors of the study, there is a type of immune cell in humans and other mammals associated with mucous membranes called MAIT cells. In humans, these cells are found in the blood, liver and lungs, for example. They perform protective functions, finding, identifying and destroying bacteria, fungi and other pathogens. MAIT cells cause tissue inflammation when these pathogens appear.
The experts noted that severe COVID-19 patients often require invasive mechanical ventilation, which takes a long time (the average of 9 days) and can lead to hospital and ventilator-acquired diseases. Secondary (developed while having the coronavirus) bacterial or fungal infections were found in every seventh COVID-19 patient. In this case, additional tissue inflammation caused by MAIT cells can complicate the coronavirus patient’s condition.
National University of Science and Technology MISiS laboratory Biomedical Nanomaterials
According to Akasov, MAIT cell activation was described in viral infections, including herpes, hepatitis and lethal influenza. Recently, several studies have appeared studying the connection between MAIT cells and COVID-19. They have shown that these cells accumulate in the lungs, and the degree of their activation is associated with the severity of the disease, although the nature of this connection isn’t yet known.
National University of Science and Technology MISiS laboratory Biomedical Nanomaterials
Based on the published data, Russian experts have suggested using MAIT cell activity inhibitors, substances suppressing their action and preventing additional inflammatory factors. This can help avoid complications that are extremely dangerous in COVID-19.
The article also noted that studying the interaction between the host (human) and its microbiota (the collection of microbes in the body) is of great importance for understanding coronavirus development and treatment. Co-infections play an important role in respiratory illness severity, while their involvement in COVID-19 is still little discussed.
The study involved NUST MISiS experts, together with their colleagues from the Federal Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics”, RAS, and First Moscow State Medical University.
Sourse: sputniknews.com
